KiCad duplicate_footprints DRC: what it means and how to fix it

drc:duplicate_footprints is a real KiCad 9 rule identifier from the PCB Design Rules Checker. KiCad found footprints occupying the same location or, in schematic-parity output, more than one footprint associated with the same symbol instance. The identifier is the stable part to use in reports, automation, and severity policy; the human-readable violation sentence can vary with the affected items and KiCad version.

This can be accidental duplication, but overlapping alternative footprints are also a legitimate one-of-two assembly pattern.

Start from the marker’s exact items and coordinates. Cross-probe them in PCB Editor → Inspect → Design Rules Checker, then inspect the surrounding net, footprint, symbol, rule scope, hierarchy, or layer state. Do not begin by changing the global rule or adding an exclusion: that can hide the symptom while leaving the wrong connectivity, fabrication geometry, library data, or schematic intent in place.

Both the DRC overlap interpretation and parity duplicate mapping require S2 human review in the MakeIRL gate.

MakeIRL does not trust the severity label saved in a customer’s .kicad_pro. KiCad can be configured to ignore a rule entirely, so the gate authors a server-owned KiCad 9 reporting policy that forces the real catalog to be emitted and then applies its own rule-ID taxonomy. A project exclusion is recorded as evidence but never lowers the classification. Unknown identifiers also remain visible as S2 rather than disappearing or becoming an unjustified blocker.

S1 is reserved for evidence that a board is actually broken or assembly identity is impossible. S2 means a human engineering decision is required and can be acknowledged; it includes fab margins, many schematic conventions, parity drift, and rules whose intent depends on the product. S3 is advisory library, drafting, text, or silkscreen hygiene. This distinction explains why KiCad’s own “error” or “warning” word is evidence, not the release verdict.

1. 01

   Inspect both references and UUIDs, delete the accidental copy, update the PCB from schematic, or clearly document and exclude population of an intentional alternate footprint.

2. 02

   Open PCB Editor → Inspect → Design Rules Checker, select the marker, and cross-probe every reported item before changing a rule or adding an exclusion. Fix the design or library source so the correction survives the next schematic/PCB update.

3. 03

   Re-run DRC/parity and check BOM and pick-and-place output to ensure only the intended reference/variant is assembled.

If the marker came from a library defect, repair the controlled symbol or footprint first and update the schematic/board copy deliberately. If it came from a net class or custom rule, confirm the electrical, timing, safety, or fabrication requirement before changing the number. A narrow, documented rule is safer than weakening the global project to make one marker disappear. For parity findings, compare the exact MPN, symbol pin numbers, footprint pads, BOM, and placement output before accepting either side as authoritative.

Re-run DRC/parity and check BOM and pick-and-place output to ensure only the intended reference/variant is assembled.

Save the corrected source files, refill zones when the board contains pours, and rerun the appropriate checker from a clean state. For PCB changes, inspect Gerber, drill, solder-mask, paste, outline, and placement outputs—not only the interactive canvas. For schematic changes, regenerate the netlist/BOM and run Update PCB from Schematic so stale board state cannot survive. Cross-probe the original coordinates and confirm the intended circuit or manufacturing constraint, not merely a zero marker count.

Finally, keep the original finding, the design change, and any remaining engineering acknowledgment in the release record. That gives reviewers a traceable reason why duplicate_footprints is resolved, accepted as a deliberate S2 decision, or retained as an S3 advisory. Silencing the rule in project settings is never the fix because it changes reporting, not the board.